The World Factbook. Introduction : : TUNISIA Rivalry between French and Italian interests in Tunisia culminated in a French invasion in 1. Agitation for independence in the decades following World War I was finally successful in convincing the French to recognize Tunisia as an independent state in 1. The country's first president, Habib BOURGUIBA, established a strict one- party state. He dominated the country for 3. Islamic fundamentalism and establishing rights for women unmatched by any other Arab nation. In November 1. 98. BOURGUIBA was removed from office and replaced by Zine el Abidine BEN ALI in a bloodless coup. Street protests that began in Tunis in December 2. January 2. 01. 1, culminating in rioting that led to hundreds of deaths. On 1. 4 January 2. BEN ALI dismissed the government, he fled the country, and by late January 2. Elections for the new Constituent Assembly were held in late October 2. December, it elected human rights activist Moncef MARZOUKI as interim president. The Assembly began drafting a new constitution in February 2. January 2. 01. 4. Parliamentary and presidential elections for a permanent government were held at the end of 2. Beji CAID ESSEBSI was elected as the first president under the country's new constitution. Geography : : TUNISIA Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Algeria and Libya. N, 9 0. 0 EAfricatotal: 1. Rivalry between French and Italian interests in Tunisia culminated in a French invasion in 1881 and the creation of a protectorate. Agitation for independence in the. Many people don’t realize there are rules of etiquette when in the presence of a service dog team (the dog and the owner/handler) Service dogs should never be. ExpertBeacon gives you the expert advice you need and connects you with professionals who can help. Georgiatotal: 1,4. Algeria 1,0. 34 km, Libya 4. Saharamean elevation: 2. Shatt al Gharsah - 1. Jebel ech Chambi 1,5. NAtoxic and hazardous waste disposal is ineffective and poses health risks; water pollution from raw sewage; limited natural freshwater resources; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertificationparty to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change- Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlandssigned, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservationstrategic location in central Mediterranean; Malta and Tunisia are discussing the commercial exploitation of the continental shelf between their countries, particularly for oil exploration. People and Society : : TUNISIA noun: Tunisian(s)adjective: Tunisian. The article 'The Declaration of Independence: A History,' provides a detailed account of. The mission of the Central Heights Independent School District, in partnership with home and community, is to provide a safe learning environment that promotes. The Seven Simple Secrets of Financial Independence Bert Whitehead, M.B.A., J.D. In this article, I will show you the Seven Simple Secrets of Financial Independence. Buy Dovetail Games Franchise Collection 2. Includes 8 items: Dovetail Games Flight School, Euro Fishing, Microsoft Flight Simulator X: Steam Edition, Train Simulator. TEXAS REVOLUTION. The Texas Revolution began with the Battle of Gonzales in October 1835 and ended with the Battle of San Jacinto on April 21, 1836; but there were. Arab 9. 8%, European 1%, Jewish and other 1%Arabic (official, one of the languages of commerce), French (commerce), Berber (Tamazight)note: despite having no official status, French plays a major role in the country and is spoken by about two- thirds of the population. Muslim (official; Sunni) 9. Christian, Jewish, Shia Muslim, and Baha'i) 1%1. July 2. 01. 5 est.)country comparison to the world: 7. TUNIS (capital) 1. GDP (2. 01. 3)country comparison to the world: 8. GDP (2. 01. 2)country comparison to the world: 3. Government : : TUNISIA conventional long form: Republic of Tunisiaconventional short form: Tunisialocal long form: Al Jumhuriyah at Tunisiyahlocal short form: Tunisnote: the country name derives from the capital city of Tunisparliamentary republicname: Tunisgeographic coordinates: 3. N, 1. 0 1. 1 Etime difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)2. Beja (Bajah), Ben Arous (Bin 'Arus), Bizerte (Banzart), Gabes (Qabis), Gafsa (Qafsah), Jendouba (Jundubah), Kairouan (Al Qayrawan), Kasserine (Al Qasrayn), Kebili (Qibili), Kef (Al Kaf), L'Ariana (Aryanah), Mahdia (Al Mahdiyah), Manouba (Manubah), Medenine (Madanin), Monastir (Al Munastir), Nabeul (Nabul), Sfax (Safaqis), Sidi Bouzid (Sidi Bu Zayd), Siliana (Silyanah), Sousse (Susah), Tataouine (Tatawin), Tozeur (Tawzar), Tunis, Zaghouan (Zaghwan)2. March 1. 95. 6 (from France)Independence Day, 2. March (1. 95. 6); Revolution and Youth Day, 1. January (2. 01. 1)several previous; latest approved by Constituent Assembly 2. January 2. 01. 4, signed by president on 2. January 2. 01. 4 (2. French civil code, and Islamic law; some judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court in joint sessionhas not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdictioncitizenship by birth: nocitizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Tunisiadual citizenship recognized: yesresidency requirement for naturalization: 5 years. President Beji CAID ESSEBSI (since 3. December 2. 01. 4)head of government: Prime Minister Habib ESSID (since 6 February 2. Constituent Assemblyelections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5- year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 2. November and 2. 1 December 2. Beji CAID ESSEBSI elected president; percent of vote in runoff - Beji CAID ESSEBSI (Tunisia's Call) 5. Moncef MARZOUKI (CPR) 4. Chamber of the People's Deputies (2. October 2. 01. 4 (next to be held in 2. Tunisia's Call 3. Nahda 3. 1. 8%, UPL 7. Popular Front 6. 9%, Afek Tounes 3. CPR 1. 8%, other 8. Tunisia's Call 8. Nahda 6. 9, UPL 1. Popular Front 1. 5, Afek Tounes 8, CPR 4, other 1. Court of Cassation or Cour de Cassation (organized into 1 civil and 3 criminal chambers)note: the new Tunisian constitution of January 2. Supreme Judicial Council or SJC (an independent 4- part body consisting mainly of elected judges and the remainder specialized persons), and the Chamber of the People's Deputies (parliament); members will serve 9- year terms with one- third of the membership renewed every 3 years; in late 2. International Commission of Jurists called on Tunisia's parliament to revise the draft on the constitutional court to ensure compliance with international standardsjudge selection and term of office: judges nominated by the SJC; judges appointed by presidential decree; judge tenure NAsubordinate courts: Courts of Appeal; administrative courts; Court of Audit; Housing Court; courts of first instance; lower district courts; military courts. Afek Tounes [Emna MINF]Congress for the Republic or CPR [Imed DAIMI]Current of Love [Mohamed HAMDI] (formerly the Popular Petition party)Democratic Alliance Party [Mohamed HAMDI]Democratic Current [Mohamed ABBOU]Ennahda Movement (The Renaissance) [Rachid GHANNOUCHI]Free Patriotic Union or UPL (Union patriotique libre) [Slim RIAHI]Movement of Socialist Democrats or MDS [Ahmed KHASKHOUSSI]National Destourian Initiative or El Moubadra [Kamel MORJANE]People's Movement [Zouheir MAGHZAOUI]Popular Front (a coalition of 9 parties including Democractic Patriots' Movement, Workers' Party, Green Tunisia, Tunisian Ba'ath Movement, and Party of the Democractic Arab Vanguard)Popular Petition (Aridha Chaabia) [Hachemi HAMDI]Republican Party [Maya JRIBI]The Initiative [Kamel MORJANE] (formerly the Constitutional Democratic Rally or RCD)Tunisia's Call (Nidaa Tounes) [Mohamed ENNACEUR]Tunisian Workers' Communist Party or PCOT [Hamma HAMMAMI]1. October Group [collective leadership]Tunisian League for Human Rights or LTDH [Mokhtar TRIFI]Tunisian General Labor Union or UGTT [Hassine ABASSI]ABEDA, Af. DB, AFESD, AMF, AMU, AU, BSEC (observer), CAEU, CD, EBRD, FAO, G- 1. G- 7. 7, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OIF, OPCW, OSCE (partner), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTOchief of mission: Ambassador Faycal GOUIA (since 1. May 2. 01. 5)chancery: 1. Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 2. FAX: [1] (2. 02) 8. Ambassador Daniel H. RUBENSTEIN (Since 2. October 2. 01. 5)embassy: Zone Nord- Est des Berges du Lac Nord de Tunis 1. Zone Nord- Est des Berges du Lac Nord de Tunis 1. FAX: [2. 16] 7. 1 9. Ottoman flag (red banner with white crescent and star) and recalls Tunisia's history as part of the Ottoman Empire; red represents the blood shed by martyrs in the struggle against oppression, white stands for peace; the crescent and star are traditional symbols of Islamnote: the flag is based on that of Turkey, itself a successor state to the Ottoman Empireencircled red star and crescent; national colors: red, whitename: "Humat Al Hima" (Defenders of the Homeland)lyrics/music: Mustafa Sadik AL- RAFII and Aboul- Qacem ECHEBBI/Mohamad Abdel WAHABnote: adopted 1. Mohamad Abdel WAHAB also composed the music for the anthem of the United Arab Emirates. Economy : : TUNISIA Tunisia's diverse, market- oriented economy has long been cited as a success story in Africa and the Middle East, but it faces an array of challenges following the 2. Arab Spring revolution. Following an ill- fated experiment with socialist economic policies in the 1. Tunisia embarked on a successful strategy focused on bolstering exports, foreign investment, and tourism, all of which have become central to the country's economy. Key exports now include textiles and apparel, food products, petroleum products, chemicals, and phosphates, with about 8. Tunisia's main economic partner, the EU. Tunisia's liberal strategy, coupled with investments in education and infrastructure, fueled decades of 4- 5% annual GDP growth and improving living standards. Former President Zine el Abidine BEN ALI (1. These grievances contributed to the January 2. BEN ALI, sending Tunisia's economy into a tailspin as tourism and investment declined sharply. Since its establishment in late 2. Tunisia’s new government has faced challenges reassuring businesses and investors, bringing budget and current account deficits under control, shoring up the country's financial system, lowering high unemployment, and reducing economic disparities between the more developed coastal region and the impoverished interior. In 2. 01. 5, successive terrorist attacks against the tourism sector and worker strikes in the phosphate sector, which combined account for nearly 1. GDP, slowed growth to less than 1% of GDP.$1. US dollarscountry comparison to the world: 8. US dollarscountry comparison to the world: 1. GDP (2. 01. 5 est.)1. GDP (2. 01. 4 est.)1. GDP (2. 01. 3 est.)country comparison to the world: 1.
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